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Ariel Rios Federal Building
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Ariel Rios Building. The tower of the Old Post Office can be glimpsed in the background.
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| Location: | 12th Street, and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. |
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| Built: | 1934 |
| Architect: | William Adams Delano, Chester Holmes Aldrich |
| Architectural style: | Classical Revival |
| Governing body: | General Services Administration |
| Part of: | Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site (#66000865[1]) |
The Ariel Rios Federal Building is located in the Federal Triangle in Washington, D.C., across 12th Street from the Old Post Office. The New Post Office, as the Rios Building was originally known, housed the headquarters of the Post Office Department until that department was replaced by the United States Postal Service in 1971. The building, which now houses the headquarters of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, was renamed on February 5, 1985, in honor of Ariel Rios, an undercover special agent for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives who was killed in the line of duty on December 2, 1982.
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The Rios Building was constructed in the early 1930s as part of the redevelopment of the Federal Triangle area. At that time one of the city's most blighted neighborhoods, this area was known as "Murder Bay" and was a center of crime and prostitution.[2] The plan for the area's redevelopment was laid out as part of the 1901 McMillan Plan, the first federally funded urban redevelopment plan, and the redevelopment of Federal Triangle began in earnest in the 1930s under the leadership of Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon. Construction on the Rios Building was completed in 1934.
The Ariel Rios Building was a central feature of the redevelopment. The neoclassical building was designed by architects William Adams Delano and Chester Holmes Aldrich, who took as their inspiration the Place Vendôme in Paris. The central section of the tri-unit building consists of two huge, back to back, semicircular units with side wings. The semicircle formed by the building's curve on its eastern façade was to be mirrored by a similarly curved façade built across 12th Street on the site of the Old Post Office Building.
Secretary Mellon's building commission actively sought the demolition of the Old Post Office to fulfill that plan, but preservation efforts—which continued over the course of 50 years—saved the Old Post Office. The second half of the grand plaza was never finished as designed, save for a curve in the northwest corner of the headquarters of the Internal Revenue Service. (The Ronald Reagan Building, completed in 1998, does mirror, to some degree, the semicircle of the west façade of the Rios Building.)
The exterior is decorated with bas relief panels, by Adolph Alexander Weinman.[3]
The Rios Building has been refurbished with the architectural details of the hallways preserved in the style of the 1920s and 1930s. A seven-story marble spiral staircase is a prominent element of the building's interior. A chandelier hangs in the center of the staircase and has exposed bulbs to illuminate each floor. It terminates in a dramatic chrome and brass globe.
The building contains 25 murals created under the Treasury Department's Section of Painting and Sculpture (an art commissioning program similar to the Federal Arts Project operated by the Works Progress Administration). This was among the first locations for the integration of murals in federal buildings for New Deal Era federal art programs.
Visitors and federal employees at the Ariel Rios Federal Building have expressed concerns about the appropriateness of six of these murals, including complaints that the murals stereotype Native Americans and that they contain images that are inappropriate for the workplace.[4] Controversy over the murals is not new: The nudity depicted in the murals led to complaints when the murals were originally created.[5]
In 1993, the building was renovated.[6][7][8] In 1998, the limestone facade was renovated.[9][10] In 2007, the south courtyard was renovated.[11]